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Reported by Edu seconds quoting the book Fi Zhilal al-Qur'an by Sayyid Qutb, Mount Sinai is a very important place in the history of the US Prophet Moses.
The story of Moses on Mount Sinai can be read in the Qur'an Surat Al A'raf verse 143 and Surat Al An'am verses 151-153. Here is the Arabic reading and the translation.
Surat Al A'raf verse 143
فَلَمَّا تَجَلَّىٰ رَبُّهُۥ لِلْجَبَلِ جَعَلَهُۥ دَكًّا وَخَرَّ مُوسَىٰ صَعِقًا ۚ فَلَمَّآ أَفَاقَ قَالَ سُبْحَٰنَكَ تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَأَنَا۠ أَوَّلُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
Latin arab: Wa lamma j` lila, wa lalamahakah rabbuhak qala rabbi arinai an ⁇ ur ilai, qala lan tarina wa lankinina ⁇ ur ilal-jabali fa inistaqarra makalah fa saufa taraini, fa lamma tajalla rabbuhikan lil-jabali ja'alah dakkaw wa kharra made up isa'iqa, fa lamma afaqa qala sub-sunita tubtu ilaika wa ana awwalul-mu`mini
It means: And when Moses came to (concern with Us) at the time We had appointed and the Lord had spoken (directly) to him, Moses said: "My Lord, my Lord, show me (yourself) that I may see You." The Lord said: "You cannot see Me at all, but look up at the hill, and if he remains in his place (as before) you will see Me." When his Lord appeared to the mountain, it was destroyed and Moses fell unconscious. So when Moses came to his senses, he said: "Holy are You, I repent to You and I am the first to believe.
(For the explanation of this paragraph, the Author has explained in the previous chapter.)
Surat Al An'am verse 151
قُلْ تَعَالَوْا۟ أَتْلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ أَلَّا تُشْرِكُوا۟ بِهِۦ شَيْـًٔا ۖ وَبِٱلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَٰنًا ۖ وَلَا تَقْتُلُوٓا۟ أَوْلَٰدَكُم مِّنْ إِمْلَٰقٍ ۖ نَّحْنُ نَرْزُقُكُمْ وَإِيَّاهُمْ ۖ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا۟ ٱلْفَوَٰحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ ۖ وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا۟ ٱلنَّفْسَ ٱلَّتِى حَرَّمَ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا بِٱلْحَقِّ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ وَصَّىٰكُم بِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ
Latin Arabic: Qul ta'alau atlu mala udarrama rabbukum 'alaikum alla tusyrikakin bihi syai`aw wa bil-walidaini i sputa, wa la taqtulu auladakum min imlaq, na tunnu narzuqukum wa iyyhum, wa taqrabul-fawaisya ma ⁇ ahara min-ha wa ma baban, wa la taqtulun-nafsallati ireramallahu illa bil-suraqq, izlikum dressakum bihi la'allakum ta'qina
Say: Say, "Let me recite what is forbidden to you by your Lord: do not associate anything with Him, do good to both parents, and do not kill your children for fear of poverty, We will provide for you and for them, and do not approach evil deeds, both the one in between and the one in hiding, and do not kill the soul which Allah forbids (kill it) but with the one thing (for) that is true." That is what you are commanded to understand (his).
Surat Al an'am verse 152
وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا۟ مَالَ ٱلْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِٱلَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُۥ ۖ وَأَوْفُوا۟ ٱلْكَيْلَ وَٱلْمِيزَانَ بِٱلْقِسْطِ ۖ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ۖ وَإِذَا قُلْتُمْ فَٱعْدِلُوا۟ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَىٰ ۖ وَبِعَهْدِ ٱللَّهِ أَوْفُوا۟ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ وَصَّىٰكُم بِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ
Latin Arabic: Wa la taqrabekak maral-yatimi illata billati hiya a sansanu suratta yabluga ashuddah, wa auful-kaila wal-mizanna bil-qist, lukall nafsan illa wus'aha, lah, wa izla qultum fa'dilik although kanna izla qurba, wa bi'ahdillahi aufak, elikum visakum bihi la'allakum taiskhakkarin
Surat Al an'am verse 153
وَأَنَّ هَٰذَا صِرَٰطِى مُسْتَقِيمًا فَٱتَّبِعُوهُ ۖ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا۟ ٱلسُّبُلَ فَتَفَرَّقَ بِكُمْ عَن سَبِيلِهِۦ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ وَصَّىٰكُم بِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
Latin Arabic: Wa anna haza nistarati mustaqiman fattabi'ukh, wa la tattabi'us-subula fa tafarraqa bikum 'an sablih, izalikum dressakum bihi la'allakum tattaqina
It means: "And that (which We command) is My straight path, follow him, and do not follow the paths (of others), for the roads have led you out of His way. That is what Allah has commanded you to fear."
In addition to Surat Al A'raf verse 143 and Surat Al An'am verses 151-153, Mount Sinai is also mentioned several times in the Qur'an. Among them are in Surat At Tin verse 2 and Surat Al Qashasah verse 46. Here is the Arabic reading and the translation.
Letter of At Tin verse 2
وَطُورِ سِينِينَ
Latin arab: New one
It means: "And by the hill of Sinai."
Al Qashash verse 46
وَمَا كُنتَ بِجَانِبِ ٱلطُّورِ إِذْ نَادَيْنَا وَلَٰكِن رَّحْمَةً مِّن رَّبِّكَ لِتُنذِرَ قَوْمًا مَّآ أَتَىٰهُم مِّن نَّذِيرٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ
Latin Arabic: Wa ma kunta bijasnibiti izis nadaina wa lakir ra?matam mir rabbika litunzira qaumam ma athum min naisarim ming qablika la'allahum yatazakkarn
It means: "And thou art not near the mountain of Thur when We called (Moses), but (We tell thee) as a mercy from thy Lord, that ye may warn the people (Quraish) who have not yet come to them before you, that they may remember."
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