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Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib with the title of Asadullah, Asadur-Rasulullah and Sayidu Martyr was the uncle of the Prophet and one of the martyrs in the Uhud War.

Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib was the main proponent of the Prophet's preaching, even it is rumored that although he did not convert to Islam, he always protected the Prophet SAW from the interference of the polytheists.  

He included officials and also officials from the tribe of Quraysh. Thus, after Hamzah converted to Islam, the unrest over Prophet Muhammad SAW launched by the polytheists subsided.  

After converting to Islam, Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib also fought and became martyred in the Battle of Uhud. Prophet Muhammad SAW weeping when he saw Hamzah in a very sad state.

From then on, whenever the Ansar women wanted to mourn someone who had died, they would cry before Hamzah. The Prophet SAW listed Hamzah among the seven best men of Bani Hashim and placed him as the best martyr.

Meanwhile, Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib's titles are Abu ‘Amurah and Abu Ya’la. His mother Halah bint Uhaib (Wuhaib) bin Abdul Manaf bin Zuhrah.

In addition, asamana mentioned him atasa, that he was also nicknamed as Asadullah or Asadur-Rasulullah. Based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad, this title received Divine support even after his martyrdom and he is famous for the nickname sayidus martyr, or a person whose understanding is sharp, he interpreted it as a lion.

Tsuwaibah was a slave of Abu Lahab who smoked Prophet Muhammad and Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib, as well as the Prophet's confirmation that Hamzah was his adopted brother. Hamzah is 2 years old from the age of Prophet Muhammad.

Some say that this age difference of up to 4 years based on the suspicions of researchers against their breastfeeding mother, Tsuwaibah, that it was the Prophet Muhammad, who was the Prophet Muhammad, it may even be 2 to 4 years older and was born about four years before the year of the Elephant (the birth of the Prophet).

Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib took part in the wars in Fihar and Hilf al-Fudhul. He, Abu Talib and other uncle of the Prophet were also present at Khadijah's engagement. Even some sources say, although the age difference with the Prophet was not long and the prenuptial contract was read by Abu Talib, the marriage only mentions the name Hamzah.  

The Quraysh year suffered a very oppressive drought, and on the offer of the Prophet Muhammad to help Abu Talib who had many children, Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib agreed to become Ja’far's adoptive parents. Tabari mentions Abbas's name not Hamzah.

Hamzah ibn Abdul Muttalib was an avid hunter, in the time of Jahiliyyah, he was one of the sons of Abdul Muttalib, the chieftain of the tribe of Quraysh and had a very high status, so some people reneged on his promise.

One day when the Prophet invited his immediate family to convert to Islam in Yaumu Indzar, Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib was also present.  

Since Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib had not converted to Islam, he, like Abu Talib, always protected the Prophet Muhammad from the interference of the Quraish polytheists. Based on several historical quotes, Hamzah responded to Abu Lahab's insults to the Prophet Muhammad.  

One day, Abu Jahl was near Mount Shafa and met the Prophet Muhammad SAW, then said bad words to him. But the Prophet did little to comment on his statement, at that time, a servant was there and saw what happened.

Soon after, Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib went to see Mecca after returning from hunting. Hamzah's custom is to call the Ka’bah upon his return to Makkah. Then he approached the group of Quraysh and spoke to them. Quraysh loved Hamzah because he was a knight.  

When Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib went to meet people he knew, his servant approached him and said: Lord, when You were not there, do you know what Abu Jahl said to his nephew? Hamzah approached Abu Jahl who was sitting with some of the leaders of the Quraysh.

Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib fired his arrow at Abu Jahl, wounding Abu Jahl's head until blood flowed from his head. So Hamza said: You curse Muhammad, do you not know that I accept the religion that Muhammad brought? I said everything he said.

Bani Mahzum stood up to help Abu Jahl but Abu Jahl said: Leave Hamzah, for I have cursed his nephew. This is what led Hamza to convert to Islam.

After learning that Muhammad had a strong protector and would protect him from evil like Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib, the Quraysh no longer disturbed the Prophet.

According to Imam Sajad As, what made Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib convert to Islam was his lust when he saw the polytheists throwing camel stomachs at Muhammad's head. But some scholars argue that the Islam of Hamzah since the beginning of Islam came and is based on knowledge and wisdom.

He converted to Islam in the 2nd or 6th year of Bi’tzah and before Abu Dharr converted to Islam. Islam Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib was able to have a positive influence on the family of Bani Hashim. Our knowledge of Hamzah after he converted to Islam until he read hijrah is not much.

After the Prophet Muhammad SAW began preaching in public, Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib also preached in public. He lived with the Prophet on various occasions, such as when the Prophet did not move to Abyssinia.

For two or three years, the Mushrikin besieged the Bani Muttalib and the Bani Hashim at Shi’b Abu Talib, Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib with other Muslims. In the second promise of Aqabah, the 12th year of Bi’tzah, when the people of Medina made a pact with Prophet Muhammad SAW, Hamzah together with Ali bin Abi Talib guarding the Prophet SAW, from the polytheists.

Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib joined the Muslim brotherhood treaty in Mecca, linking the brotherhood with Zaid bin Harithah and the day Uhud Zaid was named after his washi.

In the Treaty of Medina, prior to the Battle of Badr, he signed a fraternal treaty with Kulthum bin Hadam. Prophet Muhammad gave the first war flag in Ramadan of the first year of Hijrah to Hamzah in Syria.  

With the mediation of Muhammad bin Amru and Juhani, who reached a peace agreement, the war ceased and the two sides returned to their respective places.  

Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib also played the Bearer of the Banner of War in the Abwa or Waddan War, Dzul ‘Usyairah and Bani Qainuqa’. During the Battle of Badr, Hamzah was the vanguard against Mushrikin's forces.  

Prophet Muhammad SAW sent Hamzah, Ali bin Abi Talib As, Ubaidah bin Harist bin Abdul Muttalib to duel with the leaders of the polytheists. Based on various accounts, Utaibah bin Rabi’ah or Syaibah was killed in a duel with Hamzah.

In Sadd Abwab, Hamzah's name is also mentioned. It is as if Hamzah opened the doors of the Nabawi mosque. The Prophet ordered all the houses locked except the house of Ali, Hamza asked why and the Prophet Muhammad replied that it was a command of Allah.  

Although it is understood from some accounts that these events are related to the period after the Fathu of Mecca, the first story is more powerful.

Towards the war Uhud 3rd year Hijri, Hijri, Hamzah was one of the people who suggested that the war be conducted outside Medina so he vowed not to eat anything until he was defeated by the opposing party outside Medina. He was in charge of the core of the Muslim army, he fought with two swords and showed incredible courage.

The Battle of Uhud broke out on Saturday, the middle of Shawwal in 3 A. D. In this battle, Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib was martyred at the hands of Wahshi bin Harb, Abyssinian boy, daughter of Harith bin Amar bin Naufal or Ghulam Jubair bin Mut’im.  

Based on one story, Harith's daughter promises Wahshi freedom, wanting him to avenge her father, who was killed in the Battle of Badr. Harith was killed by the Prophet or Ali As or Hamzah.  

Jubair bin Muth’im, to avenge his uncle Thu’amah, who was killed in Badr, promised Wahshi to release him.  

But there is no doubt that Hindun, the daughter of Utaibah and the wife of Abu Sufyan, encouraged Wahsh to kill Hamzah ibn Abdul Muttalib more than because of the element of Jubair or daughter of Harith. Hindun wanted revenge because his father, brother and uncle were killed in the Battle of Badr.  

Based on several quotes, from the beginning Hindun promised wealth to Wahshi, he encouraged him to kill Hamzah.

According to the story of the Hindun swore that he could eat Hamzah's liver. Wahshi initially promised to kill Ali As, but on the battlefield he killed Hamzah and gave Hamzah's heart to the Hindun.

The Hindus gave their clothes and jewelry to Wahshi and promised to give dinars in Mecca. So Hindun came to Hamzah's body and cut Hamzah's body into pieces.

From Hamzah's body, he later created earrings, bracelets and necklaces. Then give Hamzah's heart to Makkah.  

Muawiyah ibn Mughairah and Abu Sufyan were also involved in the decomposition or dismemberment of Hamzah's body. Because Hamzah's body was so terrible, some friends swore they would slash his enemy for 30 or more.  

But at that time, surah al-Nahl verse 126 came down which revealed that even if they were allowed to retaliate with the right actions, if they were patient, it would be a better course of action.

Hamzah was the martyrdom of the battle of Uhud who was mourned by the Prophet Muhammad, then the other martyrs were brought before the Prophet several times to be crucified and put the martyrs near Hamzah's body, so the Prophet saluted their bodies and the bodies of Hamzah.

Thus about Hamzah was crucified 70 times both alone and simultaneously with the other bodies. Hamzah was placed in a shroud carried by his sister Shafiyah because the Muslims left Hamzah naked.

Sayidah Fatimah As went on a pilgrimage to the tomb of Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib and placed a stone in his grave. The Umayyads, because of their hostility to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, acted violently towards the burial of Hamzah and other cemeteries.  

It is also narrated that Abu Sufyan, during the reign of Uthman, kicked Hamzah's grave and told him that, what you kept in the past up to war with us, he said, it has now become a game object for our young children.

After 40 years of the outbreak of the Battle of Uhud, Muawyah with the aim of draining the river and canal of Uhud, and apparently due to hostility to the family of the Prophet, ordered the demolition of Uhud. The tombs of the Uhud martyrs including Hamzah's tomb moved their graves elsewhere.  

Apparently several graves of the martyrs, including Hamzah's grave, have been moved. Since ancient times, there have been mosques and domes on top of the tomb of Hamzah. However, after the Wahhabis took control of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the Hejaz, the dome that housed Hamzah's tomb was destroyed in 1344.

Similarly the Hamzah Mosque, another mosque known as the Uhud Mosque, Ali Mosque and Hamzah Mosque were also built on the west side of the Uhud Shuhada Tomb. The tomb of Hazah has long been the target of pilgrims, especially Shia pilgrims, including Iranians who perform the pilgrimage to Medina.

An example of the profound influence of Hamzah's personality and his love for Hamzah is after he was martyred some friends gave his son's name with the name Hamzah.

There are some riwayt about Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib hopefully we can take lessons from him to become a better human being in the future. Wallahua’lam!