The Mythological Creature
The Goddess Athena (Goddess of War)

Athena was a goddess who was born as an adult female and was never described as a child. Athena had no husband or lover and so was called parthenos ("virgin"), and Hephaestus tried to rape her but failed. The Parthenon Temple in Athens, Greece is its most famous temple.

According to legend, Athena was the favorite daughter of Zeus, the strongest god. Her mother was the goddess Metis, who was the goddess of thought and intelligence, and was famous as the existing goddess. Athena was endowed with strength by her father, her intelligence and her mother.

In other legends, Pallas is considered to be his father, hence he is often given the title Pallas Athena. In addition, there is also mention that Athena managed to kill Pallas in the war of the Gods against Titan so given the title Pallas Athena.

Athena turns Medusa, a beautiful girl, into a monster. Later, Perseus beheaded Medusa and gave her to Athena, the goddess and placed Medusa's head either on the lid or on Aigis.

Athena by the Etruscans with their goddess Menrva, and later adapted by the Romans as Minerva. Athena was accompanied by a small owl and the goddess of victory, Nike. He is also often depicted holding a broom.

Origins

The worship of Athens as the patron of the city of Athens has been preparing since ancient times and is so thick, that ancient myths can adapt to cultural changes. The Greek philosopher Plato (429–347 BC), identified with the Libyan goddess Neith, the Egyptian goddess of war and hunting since the predynastic period, and associated her with weaving. The Greek historian Herodotus (484–425 BC) also mentions that the inhabitants of Sais in Egypt worshipped a goddess named Neith and they identified her with Athena. Some Greeks also know the birthplace of Athens is on the Triton river side of Libya. Classical scholar Martin Bernal created the "Black Athenian Theory"

Etiology

Athens was associated with the city of Athens because it was where she protected the sisterhood of women, the Athenians . In earlier times, in Mycene the goddess was referred to as Mycene, and Mycene was the name of the sisterhood of women there. In Thebes he was called Thebe, and the name of the city of Thebae or Thebes was also derived from there. Thus, in the city of Athens, she was referred to as the goddess Athena, and the city was called Athenae or Athena. Whether the name is in the Ethocretan language or not can be known if Linear A successfully deciphered.

Gunther Neumann suggested that the name Athena probably came from the Lydian language. In Linear B Knossos, found writing A-TA-NA PO-TI-NI-JA /Athana potniya/ . Although Athana potniya is often translated as Lady of Athens, it actually literally means "potnia of At(h)ana", which is likely to mean - the woman of the city of Athens . In Lienar B, the relationship between the goddess Athena and the city of Athena is not very clear. Linear B also found the writing A-TA-NO-DJU-WA-JA /Athana diwya/ , the last part known in ancient Greece as Diwia (DI-U-JA or DI-WI-JA in Mycene), means god .

In one of his dialogues Kratilos , In Greek Plato, 428/427 BC – 348/347 BC, gives an opinion on the origin of the name Athena. According to him, the name Athena comes from Atheon ("god") and the etymological nous shows its origin as a goddess who always uses the mind.

CARATERISTIC

Athena was the patron of weavers and craftsmen. Iron weapons also came under his protection. He also led the battle. In the war, Athena acted as a side of strategy and discipline, in contrast to her brother Ares, an evil evil (atrocity, bloodlust, and evil). Although Athena is the goddess of duel fighting aimless battles and prefers to solve problems with strategy. Athens was only for the obvious and worthy purpose of resolving the conflict.

Athena appears in various Greek mythological stories as a helper of heroes, including Odysseus, Lason, and Heracles. He has no partner and is not married. An ancient myth mentions a goddess who adopted Erekhtheus/Erikhthonios, a child born of Gaia after being fertilized by the semen of Hephaestus.

Genuflection

Athena had a special relationship with the city of Athens, as indicated by the relationship of her name.The inhabitants of the city of Athens built a statue of Athena with a helmet on her head, wearing armor and aigis, and a, she holds the goddess of victory in her hands. The statue is also useful with a large snake and a Gorgon headdress protector. In the Acropolis of Athens there is also a Parthenon temple to worship Athena Parthenos.

Aside from being the patron goddess of Athens, Athena was also the patron of several Greek cities, among them the city of Sparta, where the ancient Athenian cult of Aleia had a temple in the village of Aleia, Mantineia and, in particular, Tegea. Tegea was an important religious center in ancient Greece. The temple was founded by Aleus. The offerings given were horses and deer.

At Megara, Athena may have played a role as a goddess who taught the science of navigation and navigation.

The worship of Athens was sometimes used as a ritual for young Greeks, for example for young men seeking to gain citizenship, or for women to become wives.

Athena was worshipped as the inventor of the chariot or chariot in Tegea and Olympia. There Athena is sometimes referred to as the daughter of Poseidon and Polife, the son of Oceanus. On the acropolis of those cities, the temple was the main temple.

DEPICTIONS

In classical times, Athena was depicted wearing a khyton (a garment of the ancient Greeks) long, sometimes with a snake around her waist and sometimes wearing a battle suit with a helmet slightly raised upwards. The shield is decorated with a Gorgonion (head of Gorgon) in the middle. Athena is also often depicted with an owl on one of her shoulders or accompanied by a snake. One of his most famous statues is Fidia's Athena Parthenos, a 36-meter-tall statue made of gold and ivory and originally placed in the Parthenon but now lost. Meanwhile there was also the Grieving Athena, a relief made around 460 BC. In the Minoan-Mikenai culture, Athens is sometimes depicted with bird wings.

ATTRIBUTE

As the goddess of war, Athena's symbols included armor, spear, battle helmet, protector with the head of a Gorgon, and Aigis. Aigis was a victorious mantle or robe with the head of Medusa and was believed to be able to provide strong protection (Aigis is also referred to as the protector of Zeus and Athena). While the animals that are attributes of Athena are owls, snakes, and spiders. Because with the goddess Athena who is the goddess who was raised, until now the owl is considered as a symbol taken. Athena turned Arachne into a spider so that the animal also became her attribute. While the snake is a symbol of Eriktonios, humans who were once taken care of by Athena. The tree that was saved for him was an olive tree. Athena was also sometimes accompanied by Nike, the goddess of victory.

EPITHET

Athena Parthenos

Athena never had a partner or lover so it was dubbed as Athena Parthenos (Athena the Virgin"). Its most famous temple on the Acropolis was named the Parthenon. Not only did she demonstrate her virginity but also provided support as enforcer of the rules of sexual decency and ritual mystery.the goddess Athena purified virginity like this to support the basis of female behavior in a patriarchal society.

Miscellaneous epithets

In addition to those already mentioned in the Differences, Athena has several Other nicknames, including Atritone (2 ⁇ 1 , Which Is Never Tired), Promos ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , Battle Leader). Glaukopis (bright-eyed or with glowing eyes).

At Megara, Athens was worshipped as Aithita. At a temple in Frixa, Elis, built by Climenos, Athens was known as Cidonia. Athens was also known as Ageleia and Itonia.

As a judge at the Orestes trial for the murder of Orestes' mother, Clytemnestra, Athens earned the nickname Athena Areia. She is referred to as Athena Ergane as the patron of craftsmen and artists. By the epithet Athena Polyas (owner of the city), Athens was the patron only of the city of Athens but also of Argos, Sparta, Gortin, Lindos, and Larisa. As the inventor of the chariot, Athena got the title Athena Hippia (Atena horse ).

After the Athenians conquered the island of Aegina, the goddess Athena was often equated with Afaea, the local god there. The Greek historian, Plutarch (46 M–120 AD), also mentioned that during the construction of the Parthenon temple, Athens was referred to as Athena Hygieia ("healer").

In Arcadia, she assimilated the ancient goddess Alea and was worshipped as Athena Alea.

The rise of Christianity in Greece created worship of the gods and polytheism. But the figure of Athena reappeared in medieval times as a symbol and virtue so that her status as a brave warrior is still intact today (Athena is found on the emblems of several noble families). During the Renaissance he managed the arts and human endeavors. In addition, he was also a freedom and republic during the revolution (his statue was in the middle of the Place de la Revolution in Paris).

For more than a century, a replica of the same-sized Parthenon stood in Nashville, Tennessee, known as the City of Athens of the South . In 1990, a 12.5m replica of the Athena Parthenos statue was added to it. On the official California state stamp, there is a picture of Athena (or Minerva) near a grizzly bear.

Athens is also the epitome of many universities, among which are the emblem of the Darmstadt University of Technology in Germany, and the emblem of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The image can be found on the emblems of the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature, and the Faculty of Sciences at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, while the owl is a symbol of the Faculty of Chemistry. At Bryn Mawr University in Pennsylvania, where the statue of Athena is located in the Main Hall, the statue is a replication of the original bronze statue which is kept in the art and archaeological library. It was customary there at the time of the exam, students kept something in the statue and asked for, or to regret a violation of university regulations. Athena's owl also became the mascot there, and one of the campus hymns was titled "Pallas Athena". The Pallas Athena is also a symbol of the Phi Delta Theta, an international social fraternity. Athena's owl is a symbol of the fraternity.

In popular culture, Athena is one of the characters in Marvel comics. Athena also appeared in the novel series Percy Jackson & the Gods of Olympia by Rick Riordan . In the novel, her daughter Annabeth Chase is one of the most important characters.

Athena Mulvain was the main character in the 1954 film, Athena . In the anime Saint Seiya, Athena is a goddess who brings peace to mankind with the help of her soldiers.

Athena is the name of several characters in the television series Battlestar Galactica . In the 1981 film Clash of the Titans, Athena had Hefaistos make a replica of the Bubo owl as a guide for Perseus.