Indonesian Caliphate
23.5. Manhattan Engineering District

In the summer of 1942, Col. Leslie Groves is a deputy construction chief for the Army Corps of Engineers and has overseen the construction of the Pentagon, the world's largest office building. Groves refused heavily when Somervell appointed him to oversee the weapons project. His objection was rejected and Groves resigned rather than lead a project he thought had little chance of success.

The first thing he did was "mechristen" The Manhattan District project. Its name evolved from the custom of the Corps of Engineers to name the district after its headquarters (the Marshall headquarters is in New York City). At the same time, Groves was promoted to brigadier general, which gave him the opportunity to confront senior scientists on the project.

Within a week of his appointment, Groves had solved the most important problem of the Manhattan Project. Its powerful and effective style was soon well known among atomic scientists.

The first major scientific barrier was broken on December 2, 1942 under the stadium seat of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, a group led by Enrico Fermi initiated the first sustained nuclear chain reaction. A codenamed phone call from Compton that said, "Italian navigators (Fermi) have landed in the New World, the original inhabitants friendly" to Conant in Washington, D. C., raises the news that the experiment was inexile. This is the main turning point.

Industrial problems centered on the production of sufficient fissile materials.2 parallel and entirely separate businesses were run. One project produced a uranium bomb and another project produced 2 plutonium bombs, all of which were successfully detonated.

The Hiroshima bomb, Little Boy, was made from Uranium-235, a rare isotope of uranium that must be physically separated from the more prevalent isotope uranium-238, which is not suitable for use as an explosive device. The separation was largely due to the diffusion of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) gas, but also by other techniques, such as thermal diffusion, and the calutron method, using the magnetic separation principle of mass spectrometers. Most of this separation work was performed at Oak Ridge. The uranium bomb used a so-called "gun" mechanism to collect the critical mass of U-235; one mass of U-235, the "bullet," fired at the tube into another mass of U-235, it generated a critical mass of U-235 and produced a massive explosion.

Instead, the bombs used in the first test at Trinity Site, New Mexico, and also in the bombing of Nagasaki, Fat Man, were mainly made of Plutonium-239. Plutonium is a synthetic element that, in the form created by the reactors used to produce it, contains too many isotopes that are too easily separated for use in rifle-type devices. (Due to the relatively low speed of the rifle-type device, the plutonium bomb may "stamp" (i.e., detonate part of it), before generating maximum power). A tool called "implosion" that uses plutonium fields that deflate inward, faster and is promised a better solution to that problem. Many scientists at Los Alamos concentrated on the design of implosion devices during the project.

The first direct plutonium bomb test was on July 16, 1945, near Alamagordo, New Mexico, and was named "Trinity". "The energy generated in the test was several times greater than what the group of scientists expected."

A similar venture was conducted in the Soviet Union headed by Igor Kurchatov (with specific differences in some of Kurchatov's World War II observations coming from the second-hand of the Manhattan Project states, (with specific differences in some of Kurchatov's World War II observations coming from the second-hand of the Manhattan Project states, thank the spies, including at least 2 people in the scientific group at Los Alamos, Klaus Fuchs and Theodore Hall, unknown to each). Businesses in Nazi Germany, (headed by Werner Heisenberg,) and in Japan, were also run during the war.

Together with cryptographic efforts centered at Bletchley Park in the UK, Arlington Hall and the Naval Communications Annex (all within a private girls' school confiscated in Washington DC), and with the development of microwave radar in MIT's radiation lab, the Manhattan Project represents one of the few major technological endeavors, and the secrets of the World War II conflict.

Oak Ridge is a town in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U. S. state of Tennessee, which is about 25 miles (40 km) west of Knoxville. The population of Oak Ridge was 29,330 at the 2010 census. The film is part of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area. Oak Ridge's nicknames include the Atomic City, the Secret City, the Ridge, and the City Behind the Fence.

Oak Ridge was founded in 1942 as a production site for the massive American, British, and Canadian-operated Manhattan— Project that developed the atomic bomb. Because the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is located in the region, scientific development still plays an important role in the culture and economy of the city in general.