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The Naibul Fail
نَائِبُ الفَاعِلِ
(Naibul Fa’il)
Naibul fa’il isim marfu’ located after fi’il majhul to show people who are subject to work.
Example:
ضُرِبَ الْكَلْبُ
(The dog has been beaten)
يُكْتَبُ الدَّرْسُ
(Lessons are being written)
Naibul fa’il provisions
Naibul fa’il isim marfu’. The origin of na’ibul fa’il is as an object (maf’ul bih) that has I’rob nashob. When the file is deleted, then maf’ul bih replaces the position of fa’il which has I’rob rofa’.
Example:
نَصَرَ زَيْدٌ مُحَمَّدًا
(Zaid helped Muhammad)
When the fa’ilnya removed, it becomes:
نُصِرَ مُحَمَّدٌ
(Muhammad was helped)
Naibul fa’il should be put after fi’il. If there is a marfu’ isim located in front of /before fi’il then he is not naibul fa’il.
Example:
⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (Muhammad was helped)
⁇ not naibul fa’il. This is because it is located in front of fi’il.
Naibul fa’ilnya is a form of dhomir mustatir found in fi’il ⁇ whose taqdir is ⁇
Fi’il used is fi’il majhul.
Example:
ذَبَحَ مُحَمَّدٌ الْبَقَرَ
⁇ not as na’ibul fail because fi’il used instead of fi’il majhul.
Fi’il used must always be in the form of mufrod
Example:
قُتِلَ الْكَافِرُ
(The infidel was killed)
قُتِلَ الْكَافِرَانِ
(Two infidels were killed)
قُتِلَ الْكَافِرُوْنَ
(The disbelievers have been killed)
When naibul fa’ilnya mudzakkar, then fi’ilnya mufrod mudzakkar. When naibul files muannats then fi’ilnats mufrod.
Example:
نُصِرَ مُحَمَّدٌ
نُصِرَتْ مَرْيَمُ
يُضْرَبُ مُحَمَّدٌ
تُضْرَبُ مَرْيَمُ
If the arrangement before the fa’ilnya removed has two maf’ul bih (object), then after the file is removed, maf’ul bih first to naibul file while maful bih second still manshub as maf’ul bih.
Example:
مَنَحَ مُحَمَّدٌ الْفَقِيْرَ طَعَامًا
(Muhammad gave the poor man food)
When the fa’ilnya removed, then the fi’ilnya must be changed into a majhul form. Then maf’ul bih first (i.e., ※thigh ⁇ ) turned into naibul file, so I’nya into rofa’. As for the second maf’ul bih (i.e., ⁇ ※AT) remains manshub as maf’ul bih.
مُنِحَ الْفَقِيْرُ طَعَامًا
(The poor man was given food)